Mongolian Grammar
Learn Mongolian Grammar, Step by Step
Mongolian grammar can feel unfamiliar at first, but it follows clear, learnable patterns. Browse grammar topics organized into Beginner, Elementary, Intermediate, and Advanced levels, or search for a specific topic below.
Mongolian Grammar, Organized by Level
Browse grammar topics from Beginner to Advanced, or search across every level.
Beginner 22 topics
- SOV Word Order
- Nominative Case
- Accusative Case (-ыг/-ийг)
- Dative-Locative Case (-д/-т)
- Ablative Case (-аас/-оос/-ээс/-өөс)
- Possessive Suffixes
- Personal Pronouns
- Demonstratives (энэ, тэр)
- Past Tense (-сан/-сон/-сэн/-сөн)
- Present Habitual (-даг/-дог/-дэг/-дөг)
- Future Tense (-на/-но/-нэ/-нө)
- Negation with биш
- Negation with -гүй
- Question Particles (уу/үү)
- Question Words
- Plural Suffix (-ууд/-үүд/-нууд)
- Basic Postpositions
- Байх (to be / to exist)
- Instrumental Case (-аар/-оор/-ээр/-өөр)
- Comitative Case (-тай/-той/-тэй)
- Genitive Case (-ын/-ийн/-ы/-ий)
- Reflexive Possessive (-аа/-ээ/-оо/-өө)
Elementary 28 topics
- Converb -ж/-ч (and then / while)
- Converb -аад/-ээд/-оод (after doing)
- Imperative Mood
- Polite Requests (-аарай/-ээрэй/-оорой)
- Want/Desire (-маар байна)
- Ability (чадах)
- Necessity (хэрэгтэй)
- Comparative (-аас илүү)
- Superlative (хамгийн)
- Progressive (-ж байна)
- Past Progressive (-ж байсан)
- Verb Negation Across Tenses
- Conjunction ба
- Conjunction бас
- Conjunction гэхдээ
- Conjunction эсвэл
- Possessive Pronouns
- Ordinal Numbers (-дугаар/-дүгээр)
- Approximate Numbers (-аад)
- Direction Suffix (-руу/-рүү)
- Purpose with -хаар
- Quotative Particle гэж
- Discourse Particle чинь
- Conditional (-вал/-бол/-вэл/-вөл)
- Concessive Converb (-ч)
- Temporal Converb (-хаар)
- Immediate Converb (-магц/-мэгц)
- Converb -тал (until)
Intermediate 46 topics
- Causative Verbs (-уул/-үүл/-лга/-лгэ)
- Passive Voice (-гд/-гдэх)
- Verbal Noun -хад (when doing)
- Verbal Noun -сны (of having done)
- Verbal Noun -х (the act of doing)
- Reported Speech (гэж хэлсэн)
- Indirect Questions (гэж асуусан)
- Purpose Clause (гэж + verb)
- Aspectual Auxiliary байх (state)
- Aspectual Auxiliary явах (ongoing)
- Aspectual Auxiliary ирэх (approaching)
- Aspectual Auxiliary өгөх (for someone)
- Honorific Forms
- Particle л
- Particle ч
- Particle шүү
- Particle даа
- Expressing Opinion (-гэж бодож байна)
- Expressing Experience (-ж үзсэн)
- Obligation (-х ёстой)
- Permission (-ж болно)
- Prohibition (-ж болохгүй)
- Simultaneous Actions (-х зуур)
- Advanced Case Stacking
- Complex Converb Chains
- Evidential -жээ
- Evidential -сан байна
- Advanced Modal -х учиртай
- Advanced Modal -х нь зүйтэй
- Nominalization -лт
- Nominalization -дал/-дэл
- Passive + Causative Combinations
- Formal Written Grammar
- Particle аа
- Particle юм
- Particle юм шиг
- Particle биз
- Particle бололтой
- Indirect Speech Variations
- Advanced Conditional (-сан бол)
- Regret (-сан болоосой)
- Concessive -ч гэсэн
- Result Clause -сан тул
- Reason Clause -сан учраас
- Contrast Clause -хад
- Advanced Comparatives
Advanced 45 topics
- Formal vs Colloquial Register
- Journalistic Writing Style
- Academic Writing Structures
- Complex Relative Clauses
- Advanced Honorific Expressions
- Idiomatic Grammar Patterns
- Proverbial Sentence Structures
- Literary/Archaic Verb Forms
- Advanced Discourse Markers
- Rhetorical Structures
- Official Document Grammar
- Nuanced Particle Combinations
- Complex Nominalization Chains
- Advanced Humble Speech
- Proverb/Idiom Structures
- Academic/Journalistic Conventions
- Dialectal Grammar Awareness
- Advanced Evidentiality System
- Sentence-Final Particle Clusters
- Advanced Voice Combinations
- Formal Negation Patterns
- Temporal Clause Sophistication
- Epistemic Modality
- Contrastive Focus Constructions
- Advanced Quotation Embedding
- Stylistic Register Mastery
- Text Cohesion Devices
- Classical Mongolian Influences
- Poetic/Literary Devices
- Regional Dialect Grammar
- Historical Text Comprehension
- Legal Register Grammar
- Academic Register Mastery
- Literary Register Mastery
- Religious/Philosophical Register
- Subtle Pragmatic Distinctions
- All Particle Combination Mastery
- Archaic and Rare Vocabulary Integration
- Sociolinguistic Variation
- Translation-Level Grammar
- Irony and Sarcasm Structures
- Ellipsis and Implied Grammar
- Oral Narrative Traditions
- Neologism Formation Patterns
- Code-Switching Grammar
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